The causes of Cancer, The Effects of Cancer, The Cure of Cancer

 

Table of Contents:

 

 

 

 

Abstract

 

1.Introduction

            1.1. Backgorund Informatin
            1.2. Purpose of the report
            1.3. Statement of the problem
2.Methodology
3.Findings
            3.1. The Causes of Cancer
                        3.1.1. Genetic Factors of Cancer
                        3.1.2. Enviromental Factors of Cancer

            3.2. The effects of Cancer
                        3.2.1. Physical Effects of Cancer

                        3.2.2. Psychological Effects of Cancer

 

            3.3. The Cure of Cancer

                        3.3.1. Scientific Cures of Cancer
                        3.3.2. Alternative Cures of Cancer

4.Conclusion

 

5.Bibliography

 

Abstract
This report aims to bring a thorough analysis of the cures of cancer. In order to explore the sucject first, the causes of cancer which are genetic factors and environmental factors are analyzed. Secondly, the effects of cancer on human body, physcial and daily life are presented. Finally, the way of the causes of cancer which are scientific cures and alternative cures are presented. It has been found out that cancer may appear for some kind of causes. They can be genetic and environmental, Genetic factors are inherited from the ancestors or there were a mutation in the cancerous cell when they born. Unlike the genetic factors, environment can affect the cells, environmental factors, which are smoking, ultraviolet radiation, sunlight, may broke the cells and make them cancerous. On the other hand, the research study on the effects of cancer. Cancerous cells affect people negatively. There may be wounds on the skin, talking with low tone, flowing hair. In the light of the research, it is found that despite the causes and effects of cancer, cancer is treated by scientific cures and alternative cures. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy and gene therapy are mostly used fort he scientific treatment of cancer. The alternative cures of cancer are increasing in popularity by methods of acupuncture, diet, officinal plants(herbs) and yoga.

 

 

1.Introduction

1.1. Background

Cancer is occurring in organisms and cells growing uncontrolled malignant tumors.  Cancer cells often resulting from the continuous replication control. The cause of cancer is not known precisely depends on two types of factors. .(Gök M., Göç Ö., n.d., p.1)  Genetic factors on which, their way of life, age, gender and family history based and enviromental factors which are smoking, alcohol, remaining under the sun for a long time, exposuring to X-rays excessively.(Gök M., Göç Ö., n.d., p.2) According to Baskent University(n.d.), the symptoms of cancer are that

non-normal uterus and anus bleeding or discharge from, anywhere in the breast or body swelling and stiffness of the resulting, long-term hoarseness and cough, growth occurred in warts, bleeding, color change, making changes in large and small ablution, difficulty in swallowing and indigestion.(baskent.edu.tr)

Moreover, cancer affects human body, psychology and daily life negatively. There can be wounds on skin, they disturb patient’s psychology and he/she can stop to go outside or he/she does not go anywhere. It is one of the worrying effects of cancer on a patient. There is a very important step of avoidance from the cancer. It’s name is early diagnosis of cancer. It increases the cance of treatment, facilities the treatment, reduces the costs of treatment, prevents loss of tissue and organ, does not leave injury,saves life.(n.d.,kanser-tedavisi.com) Cancer can be treated by two different ways which are scientific ways and alternative ways. Scientific cures are Chemotherapy, it means tumor is treated by medication, Radiotherapy it means destroy cancer cells with radioactive beams is assumed, cancer vaccines, gene therapy and alternative cures which are acupuncture, diet, officinal plants(herbs), yoga.( Gök M., Göç Ö., n.d., p.20)

 

1.2 Purpose of the report
This report aims to analyze the causes of cancer by enlightening its classes which are genetic and environmental factors. What is more, it also tries to spotlight the effects of cancer which are on body, psychological and daily life. At the end of the research, it tries to explain the cures of cancer by scientificly and alternatively.

1.3 Statement of the Problem

Cancer is an illness which results in death and it is diffusing rapidly through world. In the light of the research, it is found that despite the causes and effects of cancer, cancer is treated by scientific cures and alternative cures. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy and gene therapy are mostly used fort he scientific treatment of cancer. The alternative cures of cancer are increasing in popularity by methods of acupuncture, diet, officinal plants(herbs) and yoga.

 

2.Methods

This report aims to evidence that cancer can be treated despite the causes and the effects of cancer. The causes of cancer will be analyzed by The Article of The Genetic Factors of Cancer. The causes of cancer will also be analyzed by Genetic Factors in Cancer Illness.  In addition, in order to find out the effects of cancer will be researched with the help of The World Cancer Report 2003. It will also be analyzed by The Article of The Effects of Cancer Survivorship on Families and Caregivers. Finally, the cures of cancer are also going to be analyzed by Holistic, Alternative Cancer Cures. It will be also researched by The Article of Cancer Treatment. 

 

3. Findings

3.1. The causes of cancer

                        3.1.1. The genetic factor of cancer

Despite all prevention, cancer can ocur in some cells and sometimes we can not stop it. The factors which stop us not to prevent cancer is called “genetic factor”. “Hereditary cancer is a cancer that has developed as a result of a gene mutation passed down from a parent to a child”(n.d., cancer.about.com). To illustrate, there should be a genetically mutationed cell. It is just a normal cell. Sometimes people are born with these mutationed cells. It is not definite that they will get cancer. But if a mutation started, the mutationed cells can be turned to be carcinoges cells. This mutation makes easy the ancestral cell to be a carcinoges cell(n.d., cancerhelp.org.uk). The other factor which can not be changed is the immune system. People who have problems with their immune systems are more likely to get cancer. This group has people who “had organ transplants and take drugs to suppress their immune systems to stop organ rejection. Have HIV or AIDS born with rare medical syndromes which affect their immunity” (n.d., cancerhelp.org.uk). Consequently, it is obvious that cancer is occured by genetic factors which are genetic failures and physical failures. People can not change these causes by medicene or something else.

                        3.1.2. The Environmental factors of cancer

The other causes of cancer is enviroment. People live on their environment. Environment is so important for people’ health. Sometimes environment can cause big disease whose results are death. Cancer is the most known disease whose result is death. Using tobacco is the most known cause of death. Each year, more than 180,000 people die from cancer that is related to tobacco use. Using tobacco products or being around tobacco smoke places increases the risk of cancer. Smokers are more likely than nonsmokers to have cancer of the lung, larynx (voice box), mouth, esophagus, bladder, kidney, throat, stomach, pancreas, or cervix. The other environmental factor is sunlight (n.d., medicinenet.com,p.1). “Ultraviolet (UV) radiation comes from the sun, sunlamps, and tanning booths. It causes early aging of the skin and skin damage that can lead to skin cancer”(n.d., medicinenet.com,p.1). Doctors warn people about limit their time under the midday sun. They also warn people that they should protect themselves from the UV which refelected by sand, water, snow and ice. They should use sunscreen because sunscreen prevents skin cancer (n.d., medicinenet.com,p.3). Therefore, smoking and sunlights(UV) may cause cancer directly. They never can change because they destroy the cells deeply and permanently.

 3.2. The Effects of Cancer

                        3.2.1. Physical Effects of Cancer

Cancer has serious effects on people body which they make patients feel bad and sick. It breaks their immune system and the effects afflict them so bad. When the effects are analyzed, the first physical effects of cancer is feeling sick (Nausea). Cancer may cause nausea (feeling sick)  or vomiting (being sick). Nausea may be caused by various things which are “radiotherapy, chemotherapy, constipation, some painkillers, infection, pain, a high level of calcium in the blood (hypercalcaemia), irritation of the stomach lining, blockage of the bowel.” (1 July 2007,macmillan.org.uk). The second effect of cancer or its treatment is tiredness (Fatigue). Fatigue means that people feel themselves so tired and so exhausted all the time. It is one of the most common or one of the most difficult effect of cancer for people with cancer. It may be happened for the treatment or progress of cancer. The effects of tiredness are “difficulty doing everyday tasks,having no energy, feeling weak, difficulty thinking or concentrating,becoming forgetful, dizziness or light-headedness, difficulty sleeping, a lower sex drive, feeling irritable, emotional and tearful.”  (1 July 2007,macmillan.org.uk). The last but not the least effect of cancer is sleep disturbances. Most people who got cancer have trouble sleeping during their illness. This may be caused by  anxiety and fears about the future. They may find that the treatment interferes with their normal sleep patterns, or their sleep may be disturbed because they have to stay in hospital, where it may be noisy. Pain can affect sleep, but it can usually be dealt with by good pain control (1 July 2007,macmillan.org.uk).

 

 

3.2.2. Psychological Effects of Cancer

Human psychology is affected by all the things in people’ life and pyschology is the biggest factor of people health situation. It can cure a patient or it can cause illness to go wrong. Cancer disease collapses the patients’ psychology worse than their physics. This illness first destroys the psychology of the patient then goes into the physics to hurt. The first effects of cancer on people psychology is depression. It’s not unusual to have times when you feel very low after a diagnosis of cancer, and during or after treatment. According to an England research company(1 September 2007),

Many people feel physically and emotionally exhausted from the treatment, and this can lower their mood. However, for some people affected by cancer their low mood may continue or get worse and they may need specialist help or treatment. Some people find that their sadness gives way to a situation where their mood is low most of the time for several weeks or more, and they are depressed. (macmillan.org.uk).

Depression and cancer are directly releated with each others. Depression affects the progress of cure of cancer negatively. Unlike depression, feeling good makes the progress of cure beter. The second effect of cancer is loss of self-esteem. Cancer can make themselves feel very week. It may break their independence on their life. They can feel tired and stressed. They may not find themselves enough strong to do the things which they were doing in their healthy life properly (1 September 2008, macmillan.org.uk).

3.3. The Cure of Cancer

                        3.3.1. The Scientific Cures of Cancer

Cancer treatment changes depend on the type of cancer, placement, stage, people’s general health status and other factors.(n.d., roche.com.tr) The first scientific cure of cancer is Chemotherapy. Chemotherapy means tumour is treated by drugs. It is a very important part of the tumour treatment with surgery and radiation therapy. Tumour cells are killed or tried to stop tumour growth with Chemotherapy. Sometimes one, sometimes several drugs are given in various ways. The most common side effects are nausea, vomiting, alopecia and fatigue .    ( Gök M., Göç Ö., n.d., p.20).  The second scientific cure of cancer is Radiotherapy. Radiotherapy is that, Radioactive rays are trying to destroy tumour cells.
“Co-60 or through devices such as linear accelerators from the outside of the body (external radiation therapy) or into body cavities or tissues through the placement of radioactive material inside (internal radiation therapy) is performed” (baskent.edu.tr). Normal cells within the treatment area is affected by radioactive rays but they have the ability which, can repair themselves, so this effect is temporary for the normal cells (baskent.edu.tr). The side effects of Radiotherapy are “skin irritation, difficulty swallowing, dry mouth, nausea, diarrhea, hair loss and energy loss” (baskent.edu.tr).  Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy are the most known cures of cancer in scientific platform. However, there is one more new therapy whose name is Gene therapy. It have been started to use in scientific platform as well as Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy. If the genes which grows the cells work more, or  they work less,or their balance is broken for any reason, cells get bigger and bigger permanently. The aim of the Gene therapy is that keeping that balance right. (baskent.edu.tr)

 

 

3.3.2. The Alternative Cures of Cancer

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting thin needles into specific body points to improve health.(n.d., nlm.nih.gov). According to the Researchers(n.d.)  

 In the United States, the best-known type involves putting hair-thin, metallic needles in your skin. Research shows that acupuncture reduces nausea and vomiting after surgery and chemotherapy. It can also relieve pain. Researchers don’t fully understand how acupuncture works. It might aid the activity of your body’s pain-killing chemicals. It also might affect how you release chemicals that regulate blood pressure and flow.(nlm.nih.gov)

The other alternative cure of cancer is diet. It can be summurized under seven golden rule. One, People should be as leen as possible. It means they should keep themselves fit. Two, people should be active. It means people should exercise more than 60 minutes with moderately or more than 30 minutes vigorously. Three, Avoid energy-dense foods and sugary drinks. They should avoid eating fatty foods like fast foods and processed foods and also avoid from sugary drinks like cola. Four, eat plant-based foods. “Aim for 5 servings of non-starchy fruits and vegetables every day (potato, yam, sweet potato, and cassava don’t count). Eat only limited amounts of refined grains like white bread and pasta. Instead, include legumes or whole grains in every meal” (n.d., healthcastle.com). Five, limit red meat and processed meat. Six, limit alcohol. Men should not drink more than two drinks a day. Women should not drink more than one drinks a day. The last rule is limit salty foods because salty foods are probably a cause of stomach cancer.

4. Conclusion

In this report,  the cures of cancer are searched. First of all, there are two various causes of cancer which are genetic and environmental factors. Secondly, It is shown that there are also two various effects of cancer which are physically and psychologically.Thirdly, the cure of cancer is analyzed and it is found out that there are two kind of cure is used in cancer treatment. They are scientific cures and alternative cures.

Finally, Cancer is a serious illness and it is ended with death. It is releated with so many factors and this illness affects people in their whole life. People with cancer, is starting to live with cancer and its effets in their daily life. However, cancer will disappear with the development in technology and science.

 

5. Bibliography :

 

Electronic Sources:

Kanser Araştırması. Retrieved April 07, 2010 from
http://baskent.edu.tr/

Cancer Research UK Company . Retrieved April 07, 2010 from
http://cancerhelp.org.uk/

Side Effects of Cancer. Retrieved April 07, 2010 from
http://cancer.about.com/

Diet and Cancer. Retrieved April 21, 2010 from
http://healthcastle.com/

Cancer Information. Retrieved April 21, 2010 from
http://macmillan.org.uk/

Enviromental Factors of Cancer. Retrieved April 21, 2010 from
http://medicinenet.com/

The genetic factors in cancer development and their implications for cancer prevention and detection. Retrieved April 21, 2010 from
http://nlm.nih.gov/

What is Chemotherapy?. Retrieved April 21, 2010 from
http://roche.com.tr/